Under the hood
How it works — and where its limits are
A PDF page is a set of drawing instructions — place this text here, draw this image there — while an image
file is a grid of pixels. Converting between them means rendering: this tool runs each page through pdf.js, the
same rendering engine family your browser uses to display PDFs, and captures the result on a canvas at the
resolution you choose. That is why the DPI setting is the one decision that really matters here.
What DPI means in this tool. PDF page sizes are measured in points, 72 to the inch. The
renderer scales the page by DPI ÷ 72, so 150 DPI renders a page at a little over twice its point size and 300
DPI at a little over four times. An A4 page (595 × 842 points) becomes roughly 1240 × 1754 pixels at 150 DPI and
2480 × 3508 at 300 DPI. More pixels means sharper enlargements and better OCR, at the cost of larger files and
more memory during conversion — the page is rendered whole, in your browser.
Choosing between 150 and 300. For anything that will be viewed on a screen — messaging apps,
email, a slide, a form upload that asks for an image — 150 DPI is the sensible default: text is crisp at normal
viewing sizes and files stay light. Choose 300 DPI when the image will be printed, or when another program will
read text from it (OCR engines do noticeably better with more pixels), or when you know you will crop into a
small region and enlarge it. Going through this converter to get a “better” image than the page contains is not
possible: rendering can only sample what the PDF defines, which is plenty for both offered settings.
JPG or PNG. JPG encodes with lossy compression tuned for photographs and scans: small
files, with slight softening around sharp text edges if you zoom far in. PNG is lossless — every rendered pixel
is kept exactly — which suits diagrams, screenshots and line art, at several times the file size. For JPG output
the page is flattened onto a white background, matching how the page looks in a reader; PNG keeps the rendered
pixels as drawn.
Output and privacy. A one-page document downloads its image directly; multi-page documents
are packed locally into a ZIP with zero-padded page numbers, so the images sort in reading order. Text in the
images is, of course, no longer text — if you need selectable text, keep the PDF. And nothing about the
conversion leaves your device: rendering, encoding and zipping all happen in this tab.